동격의 모든 형태 - "(대)명사+(대)명사/명사절(that)/to부정사/,/-/of..."

영어로 동격을 표시할 수 있는 방법은
크게 5가지 정도입니다.

구체적으로 언급하면,
'1) (대)명사 + (대)명사, 2) 명사절 (that절),
3) to 부정사, 4) comma (,)
또는 dash (-), 5) of' 와 기타 정도입니다.

다음 설명과 예문을 통해

동격구문의 모든 형태를
익혀보도록 하겠습니다.

---

 

1) (대)명사 + (대)명사 → (대)명사 = (대)명사 

 

예) We Koreans are diligent people.

(We = Koreans)

 

  

---

 

2) 명사절 : 명사(상당어구) + that절 →
명사(상당어구) = that절 (주어 + 동사)

동격의 that절 취하는 명사(상당어구):
admission, advantage, advice, agreemnet,
announcement, answer, argument, assertion,
assumption, belief, benefit, claim, conclusion,
danger, decision, disadvantage, dream, effect,
evidence, expectation, explanation, fact, faith,
fallacy, feeling, guess, hope, idea, impression,
information, news, opinion, possibility, principle,
promise, reply, report, response, risk, rule, rumor,
saying, sense, statement, story, thought, threat,
tradition, understanding, view, vision, warning, etc.

 

 

(예문 1)

 

There wasn't any evidence

that the gardener killed his boss.

 

(any evidence 

=

the gardener killed his boss)

 

 

(예문 2)  

 

I didn't know the fact that he was Chinese.

 

(the fact = he was Chinese)

 

 

(예문 3) 

 

A few people still cling to the fallacy

 that the earth is flat.

 

(the fallacy = the earth is flat)

 

 

(예문 4) 

 

There was little hope 

that the minors would survive.

 

(little hope 

=

the minors would survive)

 

 

 (예문 5)  

 

The news 

that she was hurt proved to be true.

 

(The news = she was hurt)

 

 

(주의)  아래 예문에서 'that'은 관계대명사 목적격입니다.
목적격이므로 'that'을 생략할 수 있습니다.

※ 상기 예 5) 문장과 구분이 필요합니다.

 

The news 

that she reported proved to true.

 

(The news ≠ she reported)

 

---

 

3) to 부정사 : 명사(상당어구) + to 부정사
→ 명사(상당어구) = to 부정사 이하

동격의 to 부정사를 취하는 명사(상당어구):
ability, agreement, ambition, aim,
aspiration, attempt, campaign, capability,
capacity, chance, claim, decision, desire,
duty, effort, evidence, hope, incentive,
intention, move, need,  opportunity, plan,
pledge, promise, proposal, threat, urge,
warning, way, willingness, wish, etc.

 

 

(예문1)

 

She has but one aim in life,

to make a lot of money.

 

(one aim = to make a lot of money)

 

 

(예문 2)

 

The government must adhere to its

decision not to compromise on the issue.

 

(its decision 

=

not to compromise on the issue)

 

 

(예문 3)

 

Your duty to report the accident

takes precedence over everything else.

 

(Your duty = to report the accident) 

 

 

(예문 4)

 

Presidents often fail to fulfill their promises

to eradicate social evils because they

themselves are involved in them.

 

(their promises

=

to eradicate social evils)

 

 

(예문 5)

 

If you really have a wish to help the poor,

try to overcome your complacency.

 

(a wish = to help the poor)

 

 

---

 

4) comma (,) 또는 dash (-) 
→  ', 또는 -'의 앞 문구 = 뒷 문구 

 

(예문 1)

 

Alexander Graham Bell, an Amreican scientist,

invented the telephone.

 

(Alexander Graham Bell

=

an Amreican scientist)

 

 

   (예문 2)

 

She had to give up her favorite pastime

- reading.

 

(her favorite pastime = reading)

 

---

 

5) 명사 + of + 명사 → 명사 = 명사

동격의 of를 취하는 명사(상당어구):
burden, dream, experience,
effect, evidence, fear, habit, idea,
problem, task, etc.

 

(예문 1)

 

My habit of biting my lips

is hard to fix.

 

 (My habit = biting my lips)

 

 

(예문 2)

 

I don't like the idea of

having to beg for a loan from the bank. 

 

(the idea =

having to beg for a loan from the bank)

 

 

---

 

기타) 그외 동격 관계의 연결 어구:
namely, that is to say (=  that is, i.e.),
in other words, or, as follows,
for example
(= for instance, e.g., viz., such as),
especially, particularly, chiefly,
including, included, etc.

 

(예 1)

 

the basic essentials of life

i.e. housing, food and water. 

 

(the basic essentials of life 

=

housing, food and water)

 

 

(예 2)

 

Ancient people depended much on the sharman,

or the highest priest, for their protection against

calamity, diseases and for their well-being.

 

(the sharman = the highest priest)

 

 

    (예 3)

 

We both shared the same ambition, viz.,

to make a lot of money and to retire at 40.

 

(the same ambition =

ambition

to make a lot of money and to retire at 40)

 

 

 

(참고)

 

viz.

=

used, especially in written English, when

you want to give more detail or be more

exact about something you have just written 

 

(당신이 금방 작성한 어떤 것에 대해

더 상세한 또는 정확하게 하고 싶을 때

특히 문어체 영어에서 사용된다.)

 

<자료 : Cambridge Dictionary>